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This review focuses on the effects of freezing storage on the microstructure and baking performance of frozen doughs, and provides an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough applications. The overall quality of bread baked from frozen dough deteriorates as the storage of the dough at sub-zero temperatures increases due to several factors which are discussed. Lipid-related emulsifiers such as diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides and sucrose esters employed as anti-staling agents, dough modifiers, shortening sparing agents, and as improvers for the production of high-protein bread have also been employed in frozen doughs. Hydrocolloids are gaining importance in the baking industry as dough improvers due to their ability to induce structural changes in the main components of wheat flour systems during breadmaking steps and bread storage Their effects in frozen doughs is discussed. Other dough improvers, such as ascorbic acid, honey and green tea extract, are also reviewed in the context of frozen doughs. 相似文献
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Proline and light as quality enhancers of rocket (Eruca sativa Miller) grown under saline conditions
Giancarlo Barbieri Antonella BottinoEmilio Di Stasio Simona ValloneAlbino Maggio 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Stress conditions experienced during growth may affect plant responses during post-harvest storage and eventually determine the overall quality of commercial products. In this context, we hypothesized that foliar applications of proline during the growth cycle and light exposure during post-harvest storage could be two important modulators of yield and quality parameters of rocket plants exposed to NaCl stress. Dry matter percentage increased upon NaCl treatment. However, fresh weight loss during storage did not change over time as a consequence of salt stress. High salinity (100 mM NaCl) moderately reduced both leaf nitrate (14%) and nitrite (3%) contents. Lipophilic (LAC) and hydrophilic (HAC) antioxidant activities also decreased by 10% at the highest salinization (average of two growth cycles). In contrast, during storage, LAC decreased whereas HAC increased. Proline applications reduced the leaf nitrate content during storage by 16%, increased carotenoids and chlorophyll contents in salinized plants and also increased the ascorbate leaf concentration in both salinized and non-salinzed plants. Light storage enhanced fresh weight loss in contrast to dark storage. However the exposure to light reduced leaf nitrate levels by 7% (average of two growth cycles) and contributed to maintain high leaf ascorbate concentrations over time. 相似文献
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Anna Esposito Daniele D&#x;Alonzo Stefano D&#x;Errico Eliana De Gregorio Annalisa Guaragna 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
In the effort to improve the antimicrobial activity of iminosugars, we report the synthesis of lipophilic iminosugars 10a–b and 11a–b based on the one-pot conjugation of both enantiomeric forms of N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NBDNJ) and N-nonyloxypentyldeoxynojirimycin (NPDNJ) with cholesterol and a succinic acid model linker. The conjugation reaction was tuned using the established PS-TPP/I2/ImH activating system, which provided the desired compounds in high yields (94–96%) by a one-pot procedure. The substantial increase in the lipophilicity of 10a–b and 11a–b is supposed to improve internalization within the bacterial cell, thereby potentially leading to enhanced antimicrobial properties. However, assays are currently hampered by solubility problems; therefore, alternative administration strategies will need to be devised. 相似文献
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Ignacio Leyva-Valencia Jesús Ernestina Hernndez-Castro Christine J. Band-Schmidt Andrew D. Turner Alison O&#x;Neill Erick J. Núez-Vzquez David J. Lpez-Corts Jos J. Bustillos-Guzmn Francisco E. Hernndez-Sandoval 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)
Most of the shellfish fisheries of Mexico occur in the Gulf of California. In this region, known for its high primary productivity, blooms of diatoms and dinoflagellates are common, occurring mainly during upwelling events. Dinoflagellates that produce lipophilic toxins are present, where some outbreaks related to okadaic acid and dinophisystoxins have been recorded. From January 2015 to November 2017 samples of three species of wild bivalve mollusks were collected monthly in five sites in the southern region of Bahía de La Paz. Pooled tissue extracts were analyzed using LC-MS/MS to detect lipophilic toxins. Eighteen analogs of seven toxin groups, including cyclic imines were identified, fortunately individual toxins did not exceed regulatory levels and also the total toxin concentration for each bivalve species was lower than the maximum permitted level for human consumption. Interspecific differences in toxin number and concentration were observed in three species of bivalves even when the samples were collected at the same site. Okadaic acid was detected in low concentrations, while yessotoxins and gymnodimines had the highest concentrations in bivalve tissues. Although in low quantities, the presence of cyclic imines and other lipophilic toxins in bivalves from the southern Gulf of California was constant. 相似文献
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采用大豆亲脂蛋白（Soybean lipophilic protein, LP）和甲基纤维素（Methyl cellulose, MC）的复合物作为亲水性乳化剂形成W/O/W乳液外水相,以聚蓖麻酸甘油酯（Polyglycerol polyricinoleate, PGPR）为亲脂性乳化剂,橄榄油为油相,并以维生素B12为指示剂,按两步法制备W/O/W型双层乳液。通过对微观结构、储藏稳定性、粒径、电位、乳液粘弹性等指标的测定,探究不同外水相比例及复合物中LP与MC的不同比例对W/O/W乳液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明：当LP与MC质量比为3∶1,外水相质量分数为70%时,W/O/W乳液液滴间的作用力最强、粒径最小、Zeta-电位绝对值最大、对活性物质的保护作用最强、28 d储藏稳定性指数较高,流变学性质较好。 相似文献
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L. Miché M.-L. Bouillant R. Rohr G. Sallé R. Bally 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(4):347-351
Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is an obligate parasitic weed of tropical cereals whose rhizosphere can also be colonised by bacteria of the genus Azospirillum. A previous study demonstrated that the two organisms (Azospirillum and striga) interacted during cerealroot colonisation. Two strains of A. brasilense isolated from an African sorghum rhizosphere prevented the germination of striga seeds although they were stimulated to germinate by the presence of sorghum roots. Azospirillum cells suspended in a synthetic germination stimulant (GR24) did not inhibit striga seed germination, but did block radicle elongation. Those radicles had an abnormal morphology, and contained no vacuolated cells in the root elongation zone. Lipophilic compounds extracted from the medium of bacteria in the log and stationary growth phases prevented the germination of striga seeds. 相似文献
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Laura P. Rodríguez Virginia González Aníbal Martínez Beatriz Paz Jorge Lago Victoria Cordeiro Lucía Blanco Juan Manuel Vieites Ana G. Cabado 《Marine drugs》2015,13(4):1666-1687
Lipophilic marine toxins pose a serious threat for consumers and an enormous economic problem for shellfish producers. Synergistic interaction among toxins may play an important role in the toxicity of shellfish and consequently in human intoxications. In order to study the toxic profile of molluscs, sampled during toxic episodes occurring in different locations in Galicia in 2014, shellfish were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), the official method for the detection of lipophilic toxins. The performance of this procedure was demonstrated to be fit for purpose and was validated in house following European guidelines. The vast majority of toxins present in shellfish belonged to the okadaic acid (OA) group and some samples from a particular area contained yessotoxin (YTX). Since these toxins occur very often with other lipophilic toxins, we evaluated the potential interactions among them. A human neuroblastoma cell line was used to study the possible synergies of OA with other lipophilic toxins. Results show that combination of OA with dinophysistoxin 2 (DTX2) or YTX enhances the toxicity triggered by OA, decreasing cell viability and cell proliferation, depending on the toxin concentration and incubation time. The effects of other lipophilic toxins as 13-desmethyl Spirolide C were also evaluated in vitro. 相似文献
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脂溶性贝类毒素安全评价与检测技术研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2004年,由联合国粮农组织、世界卫生组织和政府间海洋委员会共同组建的双壳软体生物毒素工作组根据贝类毒素的基本结构将其分为8类(组)。其中,大田软海绵酸类毒素(okadaic acid,OA)、原多甲酸毒素(azaspiracid,AZA)、环亚胺类毒素(cyclic imine,CI)、短裸甲藻毒素(brevetoxin,BTX)、蛤毒素(pectenotoxin,PTX)、虾夷扇贝毒素(yessotoxin,YTX)均属于脂溶性贝类毒素(lipophilic phycotoxins,LPs),这6大类毒素均为聚醚类物质,在贝类中富集的时间较长,目前已成为欧盟调整检测方法、最高残留限量等法律法规的主要目标。LPs的主要成分在中国均已被发现,这不仅意味着中国贝类消费存在巨大的潜在风险,外贸出口还将面临新的技术和贸易壁垒。本文就LPs的化学性质、污染分布、毒理学评价、检测方法、限量标准、监控预警技术和政策法规等国际最新研究进展等逐一进行归纳与总结,并对我国在LPs方面的科研举措进行展望,旨在为我国制定相关政策措施提供科学依据。 相似文献
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阐述了从不同来源豆类的分离蛋白中提取亲脂蛋白的方法,并对这些不同来源的亲脂蛋白进行了结构验证与性质对比。通过电泳、溶解度、表面疏水性、热效应和二级结构相对含量等指标分别从结构和理化性质两方面分析提取出的蛋白是否为亲脂蛋白及这些蛋白的相似性和差异性。组分分析结果表明,4种提取物(大豆亲脂蛋白、黑豆亲脂蛋白、绿豆亲脂蛋白、豌豆亲脂蛋白)中蛋白质量分数在84%～86%之间、脂质质量分数在13%～13.5%之间。电泳、拉曼光谱及红外光谱的测定结果表明,4种蛋白组分中大豆亲脂蛋白、黑豆亲脂蛋白和绿豆亲脂蛋白结构相似,而豌豆亲脂蛋白略有不同,主要与二级结构稳定性的差异有关。差示扫描量热结果表明,4种蛋白组分仍然是混合物,变性温度范围为60～74℃,而从宏观角度测定的蛋白表面性能也证明了提取出来的4种蛋白均为亲脂蛋白组分。 相似文献